Dedicated+Links+(T1+and+T3)

=**Dedicated Links (T1 and T3)**= ** Introduction ** T-carrier system was the first successful system which supported digitized voice and data transmission. Originally transmission rate of 1.544Mbps in T1 line, which is commonly use today by Internet Service Provider (ISP) to connect to the Internet. There is another level, which is T3 line that could provide 44.736 Mbps. Both are most popular T-carriers. T1 also spell T-1, stands for Trunk Level 1, which is a digital transmission link that provide always-on broadband connections, give us ability to consistently communicate and exchange data. It is a standard for digital transmission in North America-the United States and Canada while in Europe is E1 and E3. Besides, it does much faster than standard dial-up and guaranteed 99.99% uptime with increased security. T1 is symmetrical connection, which means both downloads and uploads speeds are the same, could be up to 1.5Mbps. Due to the dedicated links of T1, user can have access to the full amount of bandwidth. However, actual performance is depending on the numbers of users online at the time. A single T1 connection supports dozens to hundred of users and fast enough for 24 simultaneous users. T1 line can carry 24 digitized voice channels, and being used for telephone conversations. It is provisioned with service level agreement (SLA) which guarantees the reliability of the Internet Service, which protect business by making access providers to pay penalties to customer in case if the downtime exceeds a specific total. This is the standard for quality high-speed Internet access. On the other hand, we are hard to get an SLA on DSL access because the sensitivity to distance from company to ISP’s central office, which often coupled with low quality wiring, make it hard to maintain the guaranteed uptime. T1 line is obviously more expensive than DSL. In fact, both actual connection speeds are very similar. However, T1 could provide more reliable connection and users are paying for the guaranteed uptime. DSL and T1 are intended for different applications but both are digital services. DSL is dividing into symmetrical and asymmetrical. Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is suggested residential use, which it’s uploads and downloads speeds are different. Download speed tends to be faster than upload. DSL is using Discrete Multitone Modulation (DMT) technology that adapts itself to the condition of the telephone line it shares. The speed you get depends on how far away you are from the equipment providing the DSL service, and the amount of noise and interference on the line. T1 is a synchronous time division multiplexed system, which it’s not only on all the time, but sending something all the time an expecting to received something all the time. It use framing bits to keep both ends connections synchronized to define the time slots. This allows T1 lines to carry standard switched telephone calls as well as VoIP phone. T1 can carry 24 telephone lines to support a business PBX system. Each phone call occupies a well defined time slot in the T1 transmission. While T3 line is at the equivalent speed of 28 T1 lines, a dedicated T3 point-to-point connection is frequently used by larger businesses for transmission of very large files, use high-quality video conferencing, or query the contents of large databases. T3 lines are also used by many ISPs and businesses as the backbone for large networks. They may be the artery through which a large organizations' data flows.

** The implementation of T1&T3 technology seleted is **** optimux 45 L ** Optimux 45L is one kinds of technology device which can use to reduce our monthly leased line expenses, it is choosing because it contains the technology of T1&T3. Feature-packed products at reasonable prices provide a quick return on investment. Optimux-45L provides a simple, flexible and cost-effective solution for transporting multiple T1 and E1 signals at distances of up to 110 km (68 miles). Besides that, it integrates up to 28T1, 21 E1, or any combination of T1 and E1 channels, over a single 45 Mbps data link. This provides an easily configurable solution, flexible enough to meet the specific requirements of a broad range of an application. Two Optimux-45L units can be connected over a single fiber link, using either WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) or another bidirectional technology, thus saving on fiber usage. Optimux-45L is provided with two 64-pin Telco connectors for balanced or unbalanced tributary ports. Optimux-45L transmits the clock of each of the E1/T1 channels independently. The setup, control and diagnostics can be performed using an ASCII terminal connected via the DB-9 control port. Alternatively, these functions can be performed using a Telnet or a RAD view application, connected to the dedicated Ethernet management port. Besides that, it is interoperable with RAD’s Optimux-45, FOM-T3 and FOMi-T3 devices. RAD view, RAD’s SNMP management application software provides a user-friendly GUI for Optimux-45L configuration, monitoring and management. RAD view applications are available for either Windows or UNIX-based HP Open View environments. To facilitate system diagnostics, Optimux-45L features LED status indicators, AIS alarm generation and recognition, dry contact closure upon link failure and diagnostic loopbacks on the E1/T1 and T3 links. Optimux-45L is available as a compact 1U high unit that can be mounted in a 19-inch (ANSI) or ETSI rack. Optimux 45L is common use by some business company to help them in their telecommunication activities and transferring process like transfer file and email. Besides that the small organization like school also uses it to control the speed of network in their school. The features of optimux 45L are as the below: The picture of OPTIMUX 45L is: ** When, why, and how is it Implemented? ** One example where OPTIMUX 45L is it is already used by some small or large business company to transfer data. By using optimux 45L, we can direct use the technology of T1 and T3 which are commonly used by businesses because they offer very fast data transfer rates. This is appealing to businesses that need to transfer large amounts of data each day. Additionally, T lines provide very reliable forms of Internet access, with “always on” capability and very few incidences of lost Internet connections. In terms of speed, T1 lines operate at 1.5 Mbps, and T3 lines operate at 44.6 Mbps. In other words, T3 lines are about 30 times faster than T1. These high speeds are very useful for heavy Internet traffic situations as well as for situations in which a network must be accessed by a larger number of users. A T1 line operating at full capacity can accommodate up to 24 users working at 64 Kbps. If our businesses are require very fast broadband so the Internet connections will choose T3 lines as they are among the fastest connections available today. T3 lines offer enough bandwidth to host multiple high-traffic web sites as well as “always on” access for organizations, schools and other groups that require hosting for high-volume web sites.T line broadband Internet connections are very widely used and are available in almost every region. These broadband Internet connections are currently among the most common way that companies connect their LAN to the rest of the world. While the majority of everyday Internet users will not require the benefits that T1 and T3 broadband Internet connections provide, both of these connections do allow businesses with multiple users to talk on the phone and use the Internet at the same time using the same phone line. Also, multiple users can download files at a very fast speed. In addition to very fast Internet access, very high bandwidth and reliability, T1 and T3 connections also offer increased security. The technology of T1 & T3 also widely use in telecommunication. A T1 line is a wholesome digital line. Conversations are converted from sound to digital prior to being transmitted on the T1 line. The [|T1] line can tackle 24 simultaneous voice calls. 24 simultaneous calls can serve well over 100 employees of an organization depending on their calling pattern. At times, one of the 24 lines is dedicated to caller ID. This line is generally connected to a computer which looks up customer records which are routed to the computer of the person taking the call. A T1 line can handle a high speed internet connection speed of 1.544mbps.
 * What is optimux 45L? Who is optimux 45L? **
 * · Multiplexes up to 28 T1 or 21 E1 channels into a single T3 data link
 * · Supports a combination of T1 and E1 channels
 * · Transmission over coax or fiber optic cable
 * · Supports single mode fiber, multimode fiber and single fiber (WDM)
 * · Range of up to 110 km(68 miles)
 * · Conforms to ITU G.703,G.747, G.823, G.824,ANSI T1.107, T1.404,RFC2495, RFC2496
 * · Optional second power
 * · supply provides redundancy

On the other hand T3 in telecommunication is known as a super high speed connection which can transmit data at the rate of 45 million bits per second. A T3 line represents a bandwidth equal to approximately 672 regular voice grade telephone lines. Besides that it is wide enough to transmit full motion, real time video and a very large database over a hectic network. In general, a T3 line is installed as a major networking channel for large corporations and educational institutes with high volume network traffic. Next, T3 line is also a wholesome digital line. It is alike to 28 T1 lines or 672 POTOS lines. The T3 line can tackle 672 simultaneous voice calls or can provide a high speed internet connection of 44.736 Mbps as an integrated service it can handle a combination of lesser voice calls and can provide a high speed internet connection. From here we can conclude that T3 is generally used by a high end data and voice customer.

The application of the optimum 45L is as the below diagram: a) **Point-to-Point Application**

b) **Optimux-45L Operating opposite FOM-T3**
 * The below are some examples of optimux device: **

OPTIMUX-155X ** Vendor ** : RAD Data Communications OPTIMUX-45 ** Vendor ** : RAD Data Communications OPTIMUX-106 T1 lines use standard telephone companies and provisioned over fiber optic cables or 2 pair of ordinary telephone wires.T1 service is often available in rural and urban areas which are not serviced by DSL or Cable. T1 is divided into Internet Service and Voice Service. In Internet Service, T1 has super high-speed Internet Access which can allocate all 24 channels to data, and give a 2-way connection at 1.544Mbps. T1 has been defined as a very reliable high speed internet connection. Whereas T1 Voice Service with 12-24 phone lines is normally rely on DS-1 voice service. There is 24 DS-0 circuits on a single T-1 circuit and these 24 phone lines are then connected to local or long distance carrier at the same time. T1 line provides guaranteed bandwidth, since the line is not shared with other users. The T1/DS1 standard is used in the North American and Japanese marketplaces. A T1, or DS1 line, is a private dedicated line that goes directly from your office or business to your Internet Service Provider (ISP), providing transmission at 1.544 Mbps, roughly 60 times more data than a normal residential modem. It is also extremely reliable, much more reliable than an analog modem. There are plenty types of T1 connections, which includes full T1, T1 Data Service, Voice T1, Integrated T1 (called Channelized T1), Fractional T1, Point-to-Point T1, Burstable T1 and Bonded T1. Each of these is selected based on user voice or data needs. Bonded T1 lines will double, triple or quadruple the capability. For an Internet service provider or a fairly large office, then T3 is more compatible as T3 runs at about 45 Megabits per second or the equivalent of 28 T1 lines which means 672 channels. If that's not enough, there are optical carrier services that can surely satisfy the need for speed. However, T1 lines almost consist of common features, which is highly reliable. This is because it is a dedicated link between companies (LAN) or from company to Internet Service Provider (ISP),which means it is set up as dedicated point to point connections between business locations. It is using synchronous time division multiplexed system, which is always-on by sending and receiving something all the time. T1 line multiplexes or aggregates 24 of these DS0 channels into a DS1 with a total bandwidth of 1.536 Mbps. But a T1 line runs at 1.544 Mbps. The extra 8 Kbps represents the framing bit that T1 adds to each group of 24 DS0 channels to ensure that the CSU (channel service unit) at the other end of the line knows where to demultiplex the frame of 24 DS0s. With synchronous lines like T1, framing bits are needed to keep the sending and receiving ends tightly synchronized. In more detail, a voice channel was selected to be at 64 Kbps. 24 of these channels is a composite of 1.536 Mbps, not 1.544 Mbps. After a byte (8 bits) of data is sent from each channel (24 * 8 = 192 bits) there is an extra bit used for synchronizing, which is Frame bit. Hence 193 bits are sent and this increase of 1 bit per 192 causes the speed to increase to 1.544 Mbps. As a conclusion, we find out that T1 lines are highly reliable connections compared to others. Although it is eight to ten times more expensive than DSL or cable modem, but due to its dedicated links with the application of synchronous time division multiplexed system, which provides its always-on feature that highly increased it’s availability and reliability.
 * Function ** : Fiber mux extends up to 84xT1s or 3xT3s
 * Infrastructure ** : Fiber, coax, OC-3
 * Features ** : Redundant uplink and power supply, management
 * Function ** : M13 multiplexer extends up to 28xT1s or 21 E1s
 * Infrastructure ** : Fiber, coax
 * Features ** : Redundant uplink and power supply, management
 * Vendor ** : RAD Data Communications
 * Function ** : Fiber multiplexer extends 4 x T1s and Fast Ethernet
 * Infrastructure ** : Fiber
 * Features ** : Redundant uplink and power supply, management
 * The below is some example of connection between optical fiber and optimux **
 * by Using a T1 Multiplexer or T1/T3 Modem: **
 * Common WAN Implementation Issues **

** Conclusion ** As the conclusion, we can summarize the technology of T1& T3 has many advantages. T1 line provides the equivalent speed of 24 dial-up modem connections, or 12 ISDN connections. It's intended for small- or medium-sized companies that require a high-speed, stable connection between their network and the Internet and that frequently transmit or receive large amounts of data or large data files (such as large graphic or audio files). T1 lines can also host Voice over IP (VoIP) telecommunications. Besides that we also can dedicate T3 Service where the equivalent speed of 28 T1 lines, a dedicated T3 point-to-point connection is frequently used by larger businesses to transmit very large files, use high-quality video conferencing, or query the contents of large databases. T3 lines are also used by many ISPs and businesses as the backbone for large networks. They may be the artery through which a large organizations' data flows. Although there are many advantages of T1 & T3, but still has some user not used this technology because nowadays there has many type of technology in the market where these technologies are most ease to use, cheaper and contain most function than T1& and T3 so the competition between the technology is difficult for users to choose the suitable technology. Beside that, we need to waste some money to dedicated T1 & and T3, so this is why it not suit for some people. Besides that, we also difficult to make a decision whether choose T1 or T3 in our application. Following is the way how to choose either is T1 or T3 in our business. Normally T1 circuit is dedicated and is designed to be used by businesses in order to be able to run not only the data applications but also the voice applications that are necessary for business. We also can conclude that to d edicated T1 is the best choice if compare to T3, if our business needs reliable, high-speed connectivity, with high capacity and an economical leased line service because T1 can provides us with up to 1.544 Mbps of bandwidth over a non-shared, non-fractional and "always on" leased line. It also can help us to transfers mammoth graphics and data files in just seconds. Other than that, by using T1 our businesses can take advantage of the ability to transmit large files, gain quick access to company data, and faster Web browsing and e-mail communication with large attachments. Enhance the Connection with add-on integrated services such as: Video Conferencing, Voice over IP, and the Remote Monitoring System. Utilizing a dedicated T1 for our network increases productivity and reduces our overall business efforts and time, while gaining a competitive advantage. For small businesses that have grown past a DSL connection and for most regular businesses that are not data and voice service intensive a T1 connection works perfectly. But if the technology is used by the schools, larger businesses or businesses that deal heavily in voice and data services are probably going to want to go with a T3 line because of load. It can be used for data or voice or can even be configured to handle both. In order to determine which the best configuration is for us consider what our current data and voice usage is and then compare. We need to waste some money to dedicated T1 & and T3, so this is why it not suit for some people. For the future, we can try to create the other new technology or improve the T1 & T3 which can create directly by the users within lower budget. T1&T3 technology are complexity because it need the help of technical people when face with the problem, it may let us delay on our application and waste time. Besides that we also we can say that T1&T3 are not alone in the world of technological advancement. Its competitors are numerous and formidable. However, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the right technology must be chosen according to the network usage, application and specified what the users need for their application and the most importance is the budget of that technology ** References **
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